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(詳細はUnited Nations, which recommended a partition with Economic Union of Mandatory Palestine to follow the termination of the British Mandate. On 29 November 1947, the U.N. General Assembly adopted a resolution recommending the adoption and implementation of the Plan as Resolution 181(II). The resolution recommended the creation of independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem. The Partition Plan, a four-part document attached to the resolution, provided for the termination of the Mandate, the progressive withdrawal of British armed forces and the delineation of boundaries between the two States and Jerusalem. Part I of the Plan stipulated that the Mandate would be terminated as soon as possible and the United Kingdom would withdraw no later than 1 August 1948. The new states would come into existence two months after the withdrawal, but no later than 1 October 1948. The Plan sought to address the conflicting objectives and claims of two competing movements: Arab nationalism in Palestine and Jewish nationalism, known as Zionism.〔William B. Quandt, Paul Jabber, Ann Mosely Lesch (''The Politics of Palestinian Nationalism,'' ) University of California Press, 1973 p.7.〕〔(Part II. – Boundaries recommended in UNGA Res 181 ) Molinaro, Enrico ''The Holy Places of Jerusalem in Middle East Peace Agreements'' Page 78〕 The Plan also called for ''Economic Union'' between the proposed states, and for the protection of religious and minority rights. The Plan was accepted by the Jewish public, except for its fringes, and by the Jewish Agency despite its perceived limitations.〔〔(''The Question of Palestine'': Brochure DPI/2517/Rev.1: Chapter 2, ''The Plan of Partiton and end of the British Mandate'' )〕 Arab leaders and governments rejected the plan of partition in the resolution〔 and indicated an unwillingness to accept any form of territorial division.〔 They argued that it violated the principles of national self-determination in the UN charter which granted people the right to decide their own destiny.〔(''The Question of Palestine'': Brochure DPI/2517/Rev.1: Chapter 2, ''The Plan of Partiton and end of the British Mandate'' )〕〔Sami Hadawi,(''Bitter Harvest: A Modern History of Palestine,'' ) Olive Branch Press, (1989)1991 p.76.〕 Immediately after adoption of the Resolution by the General Assembly, the civil war broke out.〔 The partition plan was not implemented.〔 ==Background== The British administration was formalized by the League of Nations under the Palestine Mandate in 1923, as part of the Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire following World War I. The Mandate reaffirmed the 1917 British commitment to the Balfour Declaration, for the establishment in Palestine of a "National Home" for the Jewish people, with the prerogative to carry it out.〔〔(The Palestine Mandate ) "the Mandatory should be responsible for putting into effect the () declaration originally made on November 2nd, 1917"〕 A British census of 1918 estimated 700,000 Arabs and 56,000 Jews. In 1937, following a six-month-long Arab General Strike and armed insurrection which aimed to pursue national independence and secure the country from foreign control, the British established the Peel Commission. The Commission concluded that the Mandate had become unworkable, and recommended Partition into an Arab state linked to Transjordan; a small Jewish state; and a mandatory zone. To address problems arising from the presence of national minorities in each area, it suggested a land and population transfer〔(Palestine Royal Commission report, 1937, 389–391 )〕 involving the transfer of some 225,000 Arabs living in the envisaged Jewish state and 1,250 Jews living in a future Arab state, a measure deemed compulsory "in the last resort".〔 To address any economic problems, the Plan proposed avoiding interfering with Jewish immigration, since any interference would be liable to produce an "economic crisis", most of Palestine's wealth coming from the Jewish community. To solve the predicted annual budget deficit of the Arab State and reduction in public services due to loss of tax from the Jewish state, it was proposed that the Jewish state pay an annual subsidy to the Arab state and take on half of the latter's deficit.〔〔〔Mandated Landscape: British Imperial Rule in Palestine 1929-1948〕 The Palestinian Arab's leadership rejected partition as unacceptable, given the inequality in the proposed population exchange and the transfer of one-third of Palestine, including most of its best agricultural land, to recent immigrants.〔 The Jewish leaders, Chaim Weizmann and David Ben-Gurion, persuaded the Zionist Congress to lend provisional approval to the Peel recommendations as a basis for further negotiations.〔William Roger Louis, (Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization ), 2006, p.391〕〔Benny Morris, One state, two states: resolving the Israel/Palestine conflict, 2009, p. 66〕〔〔Partner to Partition: The Jewish Agency's Partition Plan in the Mandate Era, Yosef Kats, Chapter 4, 1998 Edition, Routledge, ISBN 0-7146-4846-9〕 In a letter to his son in October 1937, Ben-Gurion explained that partition would be a first step to "possession of the land as a whole".〔(Letter from David Ben-Gurion to his son Amos, written 5 October 1937 ), Obtained from the Ben-Gurion Archives in Hebrew, and translated into English by the Institute of Palestine Studies, Beirut〕〔 Quote: "No Zionist can forgo the smallest portion of the Land Of Israel. () Jewish state in part (Palestine ) is not an end, but a beginning ….. Our possession is important not only for itself … through this we increase our power, and every increase in power facilitates getting hold of the country in its entirety. Establishing a () state …. will serve as a very potent lever in our historical effort to redeem the whole country"〕 The same sentiment was recorded by Ben-Gurion on other occasions, such as at a meeting of the Jewish Agency executive in June 1938,〔Quote from a meeting of the Jewish Agency executive in June 1938: “(am ) satisfied with part of the country, but on the basis of the assumption that after we build up a strong force following the establishment of the state, we will abolish the partition of the country and we will expand to the whole Land of Israel.” in ; and 〕 as well as by Chaim Weizmann.〔〔From a letter from Chaim Weizmann to Arthur Grenfell Wauchope, High Commissioner for Palestine, while the Peel Commission was convening in 1937: “We shall spread in the whole country in the course of time ….. this is only an arrangement for the next 25 to 30 years.” 〕 The British Woodhead Commission was set up to examine the practicality of partition. The Peel plan was rejected and two possible alternatives were considered. In 1938 the British government issued a policy statement declaring that "the political, administrative and financial difficulties involved in the proposal to create independent Arab and Jewish States inside Palestine are so great that this solution of the problem is impracticable". Representatives of Arabs and Jews were invited to London for the St. James Conference, which proved unsuccessful.〔Palestine. Statement by His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. Presented by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Parliament by Command of His Majesty. November, 1938. Cmd. 5893. ()〕 With World War II looming, British policies were at this point influenced by desire to win Arab world support, could ill afford to engage with another Arab uprising.〔Hilberg, Raul, ''The Destruction of the European Jews'', (1961) New Viewpoints, New York 1973 p.716〕 The MacDonald White Paper of May 1939 declared that it was "not part of (British government's ) policy that Palestine should become a Jewish State", sought to limit Jewish immigration to Palestine and restricted Arab land sales to Jews. However, the League of Nations commission held that the White Paper was in conflict with the terms of the Mandate as put forth in the past. The outbreak of the Second World War suspended any further deliberations.〔(Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry - Appendix IV ) Palestine: Historical Background〕 The Jewish Agency hoped to persuade the British to restore Jewish immigration rights, and cooperated with the British in the war against Fascism. Aliyah Bet was organized to spirit Jews out of Nazi controlled Europe, despite the British prohibitions. The White Paper also led to the formation of Lehi, a small Jewish organization which opposed the British. After World War II, in August 1945 President Truman asked for the admission of 100,000 Holocaust survivors into Palestine〔William roger louis, 1985, p.386〕 but the British maintained limits on Jewish immigration in line with the 1939 White Paper. The Jewish community rejected the restriction on immigration and also organized an armed resistance. These and United States pressure to end the anti-immigration policy led to the establishment of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry. In April 1946, the Committee reached a unanimous decision for the immediate admission of 100,000 Jewish refugees from Europe into Palestine, rescinding the white paper restrictions of land sale to Jews, that the country be neither Arab nor Jewish and the extension of U.N. Trusteeship. U.S. endorsed the Commission findings concerning Jewish immigration and land purchase restrictions,〔Morris, 2008, p.34〕 while U.K. conditioned their implementation on U.S. assistance in case of another Arab revolt.〔 In effect the British continued to carry out its White Paper policy.〔Gurock, Jeffrey S. ''American Jewish History'' American Jewish Historical Society, page 243〕 The recommendations triggered violent demonstrations in the Arab states, and calls for a Jihad and an annihilation of all European Jews in Palestine.〔Morris, 2008, p.35〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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